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Climatology

Climatology is an environmental systems science defined by complex multi-dimensional internal physical and biogeochemical interactions and feedback mechanisms that are further driven by external processes which together produce multifaceted and often surprising responses.

Earth History

Earth History is the branch of Earth Sciences dealing with the history of the planet, from its beginnings more than 4.5 billion years ago, to modern times. This includes the history of the planet itself, the changing physical environment, and the response of fauna and flora to those changes.

An Introduction to Earth Surface Processes

Earth Surface Processes considers the physical and chemical fluxes across the Earth’s surface, the processes that determine these fluxes, and the resulting landscapes. The Earth’s surface acts as a diffusive boundary that separates the atmosphere from the lithosphere, resulting in a global topography determined by the interaction of tectonic and climatic processes.

Energy and Natural Resources

The widespread use of conventional energy started during the industrial revolution with coal combustion and hydro power as main electricity sources, later followed by oil and nuclear power as main contributors of energy. For a long time, little was done to mitigate the well-known environmental risks associated with these energy sources. Recently, issues such as increased CO2 emissions put energy and environment higher on the political agenda and we are nowadays taking challenges in waste management, water, peak oil, peak phosphorous and pollution into consideration in energy systems development.

Hydrology

Water is essential to life and is the defining characteristic of Earth, the blue planet. Hydrology is the study of the global water cycle and the physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in the different reservoirs and fluxes of water within this cycle.